Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health threat in many parts of the world, including Uganda. Despite being preventable and treatable, TB continues to impact countless lives, making awareness, early detection, and prevention vital in curbing its spread.
At UMC Victoria Hospital, we are committed to educating the community about this infectious disease and ensuring the best care for those affected. In this blog, we’ll discuss TB’s signs, symptoms, and effective prevention methods to keep you and your loved ones safe.
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, spine, and brain (extrapulmonary TB).
TB is airborne, meaning it spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or even talks, releasing tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air. When inhaled by others, these droplets can cause infection.
TB can be tricky to diagnose as its symptoms often resemble other illnesses. However, recognizing the key signs early can help prompt timely medical attention. Some common symptoms of pulmonary TB include:
Persistent Cough – One of the hallmark symptoms of TB is a cough lasting for more than three weeks. If the cough is accompanied by blood or mucus, it should be taken very seriously.
Chest Pain – Pain in the chest, especially while breathing or coughing, is another sign of TB.
Fever and Chills – Recurrent fevers, especially those occurring at night, are often associated with TB. These may also be accompanied by chills or sweating.
Night Sweats – A person with TB often experiences profuse night sweating, which may drench clothing or bed linens.
Weight Loss and Loss of Appetite – Unexplained weight loss and a noticeable reduction in appetite may signal a TB infection.
Fatigue and Weakness – Constant fatigue, weakness, and a general feeling of being unwell can indicate TB.
Symptoms of extrapulmonary TB vary depending on which organ is affected, but patients may experience back pain, swelling in the lymph nodes, or other site-specific symptoms.
While TB is a serious disease, it is preventable. Several strategies can help reduce the risk of TB transmission, both at the community and individual levels:
Vaccination – The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is commonly given to infants in many high-risk countries, including Uganda. It is one of the most effective ways to prevent severe forms of TB in children.
Regular Screening – If you live in or frequently travel to areas with high TB rates, regular screening for TB is crucial. Early detection can lead to better outcomes and prevent the disease from spreading.
Improved Ventilation – Since TB spreads through the air, ensuring good airflow in indoor spaces can reduce the concentration of airborne bacteria, lowering the risk of transmission.
Wearing Masks – For people diagnosed with TB, wearing a mask in public settings helps prevent the spread of bacteria to others.
Complete Treatment – One of the most important preventive measures is ensuring that people with TB complete their prescribed course of treatment. Stopping treatment early can lead to drug-resistant forms of TB, making it harder to treat.
Tuberculosis is a preventable and treatable disease, yet its impact remains significant due to delayed diagnosis and incomplete treatment.
At UMC Victoria Hospital, we are dedicated to providing top-tier medical care, from diagnosis to treatment. By staying informed, taking precautions, and recognizing symptoms early, you can play an essential role in protecting yourself and those around you from TB.
If you or a loved one exhibit any signs of tuberculosis or have concerns about prevention, don’t hesitate to reach out to UMC Victoria Hospital for expert guidance and care. Your health is our priority.
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