What is HMPV?

The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, the same group responsible for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and measles. Discovered in 2001, HMPV is now recognized as a common cause of respiratory infections worldwide, particularly during late winter and early spring.

While most infections are mild, HMPV can lead to severe respiratory illnesses such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Symptoms of HMPV

The symptoms of HMPV can vary from mild cold-like issues to severe respiratory distress, depending on the individual's age and health.

Common Symptoms:

• Fever
• Cough
• Runny or congested nose
• Sore throat
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath

Severe Symptoms:

• Wheezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Rapid breathing
• Chest pain
• Blue-tinted skin or lips (in extreme cases)

In young children and infants, the virus can cause irritability, poor feeding, and lethargy. Older adults and those with underlying health conditions should also monitor their symptoms closely as complications can arise quickly.

How is HMPV Spread?

HMPV spreads primarily through:

• Close contact with an infected person, such as handshakes or hugs.
• Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing.
• Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face, eyes, or mouth.

The virus is highly contagious, and individuals with HMPV are most infectious during the first few days of symptoms.

Who is at Risk?

While anyone can contract HMPV, certain groups are more vulnerable to severe illness:

• Children under 5 years of age
• Elderly individuals over 65 years of age
• Immunocompromised individuals
• People with asthma, heart disease, or COPD

Diagnosing and Treating HMPV

If you suspect HMPV, a healthcare provider at UMC Victoria Hospital can diagnose the virus through a physical examination and may recommend a laboratory test such as a nasal swab or throat culture.

Unfortunately, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Instead, care focuses on managing symptoms:

• Rest and hydration
• Over-the-counter medications for fever and pain
• In severe cases, oxygen therapy or hospitalization may be required

Prevention is Key

As the saying goes, prevention is better than cure. Here are some steps to protect yourself and your loved ones from HMPV:

• Practice good hand hygiene: Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
• Avoid close contact with individuals showing symptoms of respiratory illness.
• Disinfect frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs, toys, and mobile phones.
• Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
• Strengthen your immune system with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Visit UMC Victoria Hospital immediately if you or a loved one experience:

• Persistent difficulty breathing
• High fever that does not subside
• Severe dehydration (dry mouth, sunken eyes, or reduced urination)
• Symptoms that worsen over time

Conclusion

HMPV is a common but often overlooked respiratory virus that can pose significant health risks if not managed properly. By staying informed and practicing preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of infection and keep your family healthy.

At UMC Victoria Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, our dedicated team is here to provide comprehensive care and support for all your health concerns. If you’re experiencing any symptoms or need more information, don’t hesitate to contact us today.